Every different vehicle has a certain percentage of it’s weight on the front wheels and the rest of it’s weight is on the rear wheels。 When braking, the center of gravity of the vehicle shifts forward putting more weight on the front end and the car dips down in the front。 At the same time the rear of the car gets lighter and raises up。 This would have a tendency to make the rear wheels skid under heavy braking。 In order to prevent this from happening, virtually every car and truck used a proportioning valve。
This valve, installed in the rear brake hydraulic circuit, reduces pressure to the rear brakes under hard braking conditions。 In other words, this is a pressure control valve that balances braking action front to rear。 The technical details of how the valve works is not important to the technician, but it is very important to know that the valve is there, That it is specifically calibrated to a particular vehicle size, weight, equipment type, etc。 。 And, that if it malfunctions, it can result in premature rear wheel lock up under heavy brake application。
Manually adjustable proportioning valves were once used in certain vehicles and are available through high performance parts outlets today but most factory proportioning valves are non-serviceable。 If testing shows that they are defective they must be replaced。 On some vehicles trucks, vans, station wagons, etc。 , the weight distribution changes a great deal with vehicle loading。 Many late models will be equipped with a height-sensing proportioning valve。 The valve is usually mounted to the frame and a lever that opens and closes the valve attaches to a linkage on the rear axle。
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