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The piston is made of steel, aluminum or a special plastic called “phenolic resin” and has a very smooth outer suce。 TheFigure 2-5 : A disc brake caliper。caliper bore has two grooves around it’s circumference。 The outermost groove is for the caliper dust boot and the inner groove is for the caliper seal。 The caliper seal is a square cut o-ring made of synthetic material that is compatible with brake fluid and will tolerate large amounts of heat without becoming brittle。 As the piston is forced out under pressure from the fluid, the caliper seal flexes and becomes diamond shaped。

When the brake pedal is released and system pressure decreases, the caliper seal returns to it’s normal square shape and in the process, pulls the piston back away from the rotor suce a slight amount。 Vehicles fitted with quick take-up master cylinders use calipers that have a seal groove that is angled on it’s outer edge。 This allows the seal to flex out further so it will pull the piston back a greater amount when the pedal is released。 Calipers can be divided into four categories: Fixed, floating, sliding, and hydro-mechanical。

The type of caliper used on a certain application will determine what you must do to properly service the brakes on the vehicle。Fixed calipers were used on early disc brake designs。 The were attached rigidly to steering knuckle and had a piston or pistons on both sides of the rotor。 When the brakes were applied, the pistons all moved out at the same time and pushed the inboard and the outboard pad into the rotor suce equally。 Early designs of fixed calipers hadFigure 2-6 : A four piston fixed caliper。

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