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the piston seals attached to the piston and they slid through the caliper bores。 This design proved to be prone to leaks and subsequent brake failure。 More modern designs of fixed calipers use the seal design explained above。 Fixed calipers are too bulky and heavy for most modern cars although the multipiston design can still be found on high performance and heavy duty braking systems。 Floating calipers are mounted to the steering knuckle with guide pins and usually have a piston on only one side of the rotor。

Since the caliper is free to move side toFigure 2-7: Single piston floating caliperside, the inboard pad will be pushed into the rotor and the outboard pad will be pulled into the rotor when the brakes are applied。 Flexing of the caliper seal releases the inboard brake。 At the same time, flexing of the caliper bushings causes the outboard brake to release。 This is the type of disc brake most often used on GM products。 Sliding calipers are very similar to floating calipers with the major difference being the way the caliper is attached to the knuckle。

A sliding caliper fits into machined grooves on a caliperFigure 2-8: A single piston sliding caliper。mounting bracket。 When the brakes are applied, the caliper moves to apply both brake pads just as in the floating design。 When the brakes are released, the piston pulls away from the rotor slightly。 However, the outboard pad will still have a tendency to drag on the rotor suce。 For this reason, sliding calipers have been replaced by floating calipers by most manufacturers。 Hydro-mechanical calipers use hydraulic pressure to apply the brakes just as in the examples above。

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