goddess of corruption_gross corruption_goddess sasha tbiguz(3)

到了十六世纪下半叶,市民阶级渐渐壮大,蒙眼布的含义才慢慢变了｡人们开始做正面的解释,把它视为公平司法的象征｡意大利像章学家利帕总结道:正义蒙眼,象征“司法纯靠理智”(见题记),更显出人文主义者对人的理性的推崇｡这大写的理性,自然是不受王权､教廷辖制的｡因此主张理性指导司法,既是关于正义的一种新的信念或理想,也是冷静的***策略和行业伦理｡法官有了崇高的理性做他的是非善恶之秤,便能名正言顺地反对外界干涉,要求独立司法｡换言之,蒙眼不仅仅是司法技术的更新换代｡程序之所以能够促进司法独立,帮助争取行业自治与业务垄断,成为正义的蒙眼布,是因为我们先已信了“司法纯靠理智”,希望法治的正义来自“理性之光”｡而程序标志着的,正是那理性之光的疆界｡疆界之外,一切归上帝或国王;疆界之内,司法只服从理性｡从此,蒙眼的正义不必事事求问神谕,也不必天天向国王鞠躬｡一如犹太法典所言:我们不审判国王,但国王也不事审判(MishnehSanhedrin2:3)｡这,才是现代法治意识形态的起点,形式平等海市蜃楼的成因所在｡也只有这样“理性地”划定职权,信守“中立”,法治才能打消冲突着的各社会阶级的疑虑,赢得他们的信任与合作,并最终把他们“一视同仁”收编为法治的对象｡

二○○二年四月于铁盆斋

Answer to Question about Origin of Lady of Justice

The origin may be Themis, a Greek mythological goddess. One of theTitans, pre-Hellenic nature deities born to Uranus and Ge, sheremained and advised Zeus after his purge of the old pantheon. Indepictions of her, she carries the scales of justice in one handand a sword in the other, her eyes covered. She became an oracle atDelphi, and became known as a goddess of divine justice.

A daughter of Themis and Zeus, Dike, known as a goddess of justicebut not divine justice, presided over the apportionment of thingsamong mortals, the protection of individuals and the keeping ofsocial and political order. She carried a sword without a scale ofjustice. At times Dike is said to be the same (or is she confusedwith?) Astraea. Astraea is also said to be a daughter of Themis andZeus and is known as a goddess of justice. Also known as daughterof Eos and Astraeus 1, her head was crowned with ears of grain andfor its measure carried a balance or scale. Astraea was the last ofthe immortals to leave earth after the Golden Age. She has alsobeen called a goddess of purity and innocence. She became theconstellation Virgo. Dike left earth when the Race of Bronze wasborn.

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