将Ubuntu Server 16.04软件源替换为国内阿里云源

Ubuntu Server 16.04更新系统软件包一文中提到了更大的伟哥. 如果您在中国使用Ubuntu Linux系统，则可以考虑将Ubuntu软件的源改为国内ubuntu更新阿里云源，这样可以更快地下载和安装软件.

Ubuntu的软件来源是什么？

当我们使用Debian或Ubuntu的apt-get工具安装所需的软件时，实际上是从服务器获取需要安装的软件并将其安装在本地计算机上. 所谓软件源是我们从中获取软件的源. 它在/etc/apt/sources.list文件中定义.

默认sources.list文件的内容如下:

# 
 
# deb cdrom:[Ubuntu-Server 16.04.2 LTS _Xenial Xerus_ - Release amd64 (20170215.8)]/ xenial main restricted
 
#deb cdrom:[Ubuntu-Server 16.04.2 LTS _Xenial Xerus_ - Release amd64 (20170215.8)]/ xenial main restricted
 
# See http://help.ubuntu.com/community/UpgradeNotes for how to upgrade to
# newer versions of the distribution.
deb http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial main restricted
# deb-src http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial main restricted
 
## Major bug fix updates produced after the final release of the
## distribution.
deb http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates main restricted
# deb-src http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates main restricted
 
## N.B. software from this repository is ENTIRELY UNSUPPORTED by the Ubuntu
## team. Also, please note that software in universe WILL NOT receive any
## review or updates from the Ubuntu security team.
deb http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial universe
# deb-src http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial universe
deb http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates universe
# deb-src http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates universe
 
## N.B. software from this repository is ENTIRELY UNSUPPORTED by the Ubuntu 
## team, and may not be under a free licence. Please satisfy yourself as to 
## your rights to use the software. Also, please note that software in 
## multiverse WILL NOT receive any review or updates from the Ubuntu
## security team.
deb http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial multiverse
# deb-src http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial multiverse
deb http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates multiverse
# deb-src http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates multiverse
 
## N.B. software from this repository may not have been tested as
## extensively as that contained in the main release, although it includes
## newer versions of some applications which may provide useful features.
## Also, please note that software in backports WILL NOT receive any review
## or updates from the Ubuntu security team.
deb http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial-backports main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial-backports main restricted universe multiverse
 
## Uncomment the following two lines to add software from Canonical's
## 'partner' repository.
## This software is not part of Ubuntu, but is offered by Canonical and the
## respective vendors as a service to Ubuntu users.
# deb http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu xenial partner
# deb-src http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu xenial partner
 
deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-security main restricted
# deb-src http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-security main restricted
deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-security universe
# deb-src http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-security universe
deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-security multiverse
# deb-src http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-security multiverse

如您所见，官方默认来源是美国的us.archive.ubuntu.com和security.ubuntu.com. 那么ubuntu更新阿里云源，我们如何转向更快的国内来源？非常简单，复制并备份/etc/apt/sources.list文件，然后将原始内容修改为本地来源的URL. 以下步骤以阿里云的来源为例:
1. 复制并备份原始配置文件
sudo cp /etc/apt/sources.list sources.list.bak

2. 使用您喜欢的文本编辑器（例如vi / vim / nano），打开sources.list文件，然后将原始内容替换为以下内容:
					

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