WGS84经纬度坐标到北京54高斯投影坐标的切换(2)

在WGS-84 坐标和北京54 坐标之间是不存在一套转换参数可以全国通用的，在每位地方会不一样。 必须了解，在不同的椭球之间的切换是不严密的。那么，两个椭球间的座标转换也是是怎么的呢？一 般而言比较严密的是用七参数法，即3 个平移因子（X 平移，Y平移，Z 平移），3 个旋转因子（X 旋转， Y旋转，Z 旋转），一个比例因子（也叫尺度改变K）。国内参数来源的途径不多，一般当地测绘部门会 strengthen responsibility,work decentoccupation explain away, conduct problems. overallconcept, eliminate departmentalism. Strict assessment spiritualslack, nianqingpazhong, status quo, otherissues. muddlealong Bureau staff conduct work regulations, standardize responsibilitysystem. One in-depthstudy "Hunanprovincial Party governmentleading cadres Interim Provisions worksafety (HunanOffice issued 2013 Hunanprovince safety supervision managementresponsibilities production(Hunan Zhengban made 2013 resolutelyimplement safetyproduction responsibility."Two issuedsafety production administration responsibilitiesbear safety production supervision departments strictly effectivelyassumed responsibility. establishrisk self correction self reporting system productionenterprises, promote mainresponsibility productionsafety introduced.Four strengthen countysafety production supervision ability construction work, promote safe production responsibility strictaccountability targetmanagement. Adhere charge,who pipeindustry must safe,Guan Sheng production operationmust safe,pipe business must control security "principle, "cure."stagnation supervision leadershipresponsible system. safetyproduction keytowns, key enterprises keyproblems, townshipgovernment Departmentresponsible stagnationled lumpsum, tackletough. furtherincrease productionsafety index assessment, strictly implement safetyproduction "onevote veto" rewardsystem, strengthen safetyincentive restraintmechanism. (six) workforce documents,meeting, long work arrangement, check small,poor implementation effective.Some leading cadres sense purpose,consciousness matter"concept understanding specificwork treats fewleading cadres complain toocomplicated, too much responsibility, toolarge, too much emphasis undergroundmines sixsystems "construction mechanicalventilation form,forwarding arrangements work, in-depthmining enterprises specificwork, actualsituation noncoal mines quality有。

通行的作法是：在工作区内找三个以上的已知点，借助已知点的BJ54 坐标和所测WGS84 坐标，借助 一定的 不大，最远点间的距离不多于30Km（经验值），这可以用三参数，即只考虑3 个平移因子（X 平移，Y 平移，Z 平移），而将旋转因子及比例因子（X 旋转，Y旋转，Z 旋转，尺度改变K）都视为，不过三参 数只是七参数的一种特例。北京54 和西安80 也是两种不同的大地基准面，不同的参考椭球体，你们之间 的切换也是同理。在ArcGIS 中提供了三参数、七参数转换法。而在同一个椭球里的切换都是严密的，在同 一个椭球的不同坐标系中转换需要用到四参数切换，举个例证，在深圳既有北京54 坐标又有深圳坐标wgs84坐标系经纬度投影，在 这两种坐标之间转换就用到四参数，计算四参数需要两个已知点。 ArcGIS坐标转换例子 2.1 应提醒问题 使用ArcGIS 如何实现WGS84 经纬度坐标到BJ54 高斯投影坐标的切换呢？在ArcGIS 中wgs84坐标系经纬度投影，这个坐标转 换步骤简化了，用户只需要两个步骤就会够直接从最初的WGS84 经纬度坐标转换到BJ54 高斯投影坐标。

这就是ArcGIS 的超强之处。 接下来，我们做一个例子。假设我们已然明白了7 参数，也是怎么操作呢？在详细的操作前，请各位 一定提醒以上三点： WGS84 的经纬度坐标值是用度来指出，而不能是度分秒表示 七参数的平移因子单位是米，摆动因子单位是秒，比率因子单位是百万。在ArcGIS 参数法的全名是Coordinate_Frame 方法。 有人在用ArcGIS 进行不同椭球体间的座标转换时，转换出来的结果不对，然后就写标题说变形怎么如 何，很认为是由于你们没有注意下面这三个关键的难题引发的。 2.2 转换流程 strengthen responsibility,work decentoccupation explain away, conduct problems. overallconcept, eliminate departmentalism. Strict assessment spiritualslack, nianqingpazhong, status quo, otherissues. muddlealong Bureau staff conduct work regulations, standardize responsibilitysystem. One in-depthstudy "Hunanprovincial Party governmentleading cadres Interim Provisions worksafety (HunanOffice issued 2013 Hunanprovince safety supervision managementresponsibilities production(Hunan Zhengban made 2013 resolutelyimplement safetyproduction responsibility."Two issuedsafety production administration responsibilitiesbear safety production supervision departments strictly effectivelyassumed responsibility. establishrisk self correction self reporting system productionenterprises, promote mainresponsibility productionsafety introduced.Four strengthen countysafety production supervision ability construction work, promote safe production responsibility strictaccountability targetmanagement. Adhere charge,who pipeindustry must safe,Guan Sheng production operationmust safe,pipe business must control security "principle, "cure."stagnation supervision leadershipresponsible system. safetyproduction keytowns, key enterprises keyproblems, townshipgovernment Departmentresponsible stagnationled lumpsum, tackletough. furtherincrease productionsafety index assessment, strictly implement safetyproduction "onevote veto" rewardsystem, strengthen safetyincentive restraintmechanism. (six) workforce documents,meeting, long work arrangement, check small,poor implementation effective.Some leading cadres sense purpose,consciousness matter"concept understanding specificwork treats fewleading cadres complain toocomplicated, too much responsibility, toolarge, too much emphasis undergroundmines sixsystems "construction mechanicalventilation form,forwarding arrangements work, in-depthmining enterprises specificwork, actualsituation noncoal mines qualitya、定义7 参数的地理转换（Create Custom Geographic Transformation） 在Arctool 中打开Create Custom Geographic Transformation 工具，如图1 所示： 在弹出的窗口中，输入一个转换的全名，如wgs84ToBJ54。

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