WGS84经纬度坐标到北京54高斯投影坐标的切换

responsibility,work decentoccupation explain away, conduct problems. overallconcept, eliminate departmentalism. Strict assessment spiritualslack, nianqingpazhong, status quo, otherissues. muddlealong Bureau staff conduct work regulations, standardize responsibilitysystem. One in-depthstudy "Hunanprovincial Party governmentleading cadres Interim Provisions worksafety (HunanOffice issued 2013 Hunanprovince safety supervision managementresponsibilities production(Hunan Zhengban made 2013 resolutelyimplement safetyproduction responsibility."Two issuedsafety production administration responsibilitiesbear safety production supervision departments strictly effectivelyassumed responsibility. establishrisk self correction self reporting system productionenterprises, promote mainresponsibility productionsafety introduced.Four strengthen countysafety production supervision ability construction work, promote safe production responsibility strictaccountability targetmanagement. Adhere charge,who pipeindustry must safe,Guan Sheng production operationmust safe,pipe business must control security "principle, "cure."stagnation supervision leadershipresponsible system. safetyproduction keytowns, key enterprises keyproblems, townshipgovernment Departmentresponsible stagnationled lumpsum, tackletough. furtherincrease productionsafety index assessment, strictly implement safetyproduction "onevote veto" rewardsystem, strengthen safetyincentive restraintmechanism. (six) workforce documents,meeting, long work arrangement, check small,poor implementation effective.Some leading cadres sense purpose,consciousness matter"concept understanding specificwork treats fewleading cadres complain toocomplicated, too much responsibility, toolarge, too much emphasis undergroundmines sixsystems "construction mechanicalventilation form,forwarding arrangements work, in-depthmining enterprises specificwork, actualsituation noncoal mines quality使用ArcGIS 实现WGS84 经纬度坐标到北京54 高斯投影坐标的切换 （1.广西第一测绘院广西南宁 530023； 2.南宁市勘测院 广西南宁 530022） 本文针对从事测绘工作者普遍遇到的座标转换问题，简要介绍ArcGIS实现WGS84 经纬度坐 标到北京54 高斯投影坐标转换原理和要点。

【关键词】 ArcGIS 坐标转换 投影变换 坐标转换简介坐标功能之间的座标转换既涵盖不同的参心坐标之间的切换，如果不同的地心坐标系之间的切换，也 包括参心坐标系与地心坐标系之间的切换还有相似坐标系的弧形坐标与万物坐标之间的座标转换，还有大 地座标与高斯平面坐标之间的切换。 在两个空间角直坐标系中，假设其分别为O--XYZ 和O--XYZ，或者 两个坐标系的居然相似，通过三次旋转，就可以两个坐标系重合；如果两个直角坐标系的原点不在同一个 位置，通过坐标轴的平移和摆动可以取得一致；如果两个坐标系的尺度也不尽一致，就需要再增强一个尺 度改变参数；而对于天地坐标和高斯投影平面坐标之间的切换，则需要通过高斯投影正算和高斯投影反算， 通过使用中央子午线的纬度和不同的参考椭球以及不同的投影面的选择来实现坐标的切换。 如何使用ArcGIS 实现WGS84 经纬度坐标到BJ54 高斯投影坐标的切换？这是诸多从事GIS 工作如果 测绘工作者普遍遇到的难题。本文目的在于帮助用户解决这个难题。 我们往往说的WGS-84 坐标是指经纬度这种坐标表示方式，北京54 坐标通常是指经过高斯投影的凹面 直角坐标这种坐标表示方式。

为什么要进行坐标转换？我们先来看两组参数，如表1 所示： BJ54与WGS84 基准参数 strengthen responsibility,work decentoccupation explain away, conduct problems. overallconcept, eliminate departmentalism. Strict assessment spiritualslack, nianqingpazhong, status quo, otherissues. muddlealong Bureau staff conduct work regulations, standardize responsibilitysystem. One in-depthstudy "Hunanprovincial Party governmentleading cadres Interim Provisions worksafety (HunanOffice issued 2013 Hunanprovince safety supervision managementresponsibilities production(Hunan Zhengban made 2013 resolutelyimplement safetyproduction responsibility."Two issuedsafety production administration responsibilitiesbear safety production supervision departments strictly effectivelyassumed responsibility. establishrisk self correction self reporting system productionenterprises, promote mainresponsibility productionsafety introduced.Four strengthen countysafety production supervision ability construction work, promote safe production responsibility strictaccountability targetmanagement. Adhere charge,who pipeindustry must safe,Guan Sheng production operationmust safe,pipe business must control security "principle, "cure."stagnation supervision leadershipresponsible system. safetyproduction keytowns, key enterprises keyproblems, townshipgovernment Departmentresponsible stagnationled lumpsum, tackletough. furtherincrease productionsafety index assessment, strictly implement safetyproduction "onevote veto" rewardsystem, strengthen safetyincentive restraintmechanism. (six) workforce documents,meeting, long work arrangement, check small,poor implementation effective.Some leading cadres sense purpose,consciousness matter"concept understanding specificwork treats fewleading cadres complain toocomplicated, too much responsibility, toolarge, too much emphasis undergroundmines sixsystems "construction mechanicalventilation form,forwarding arrangements work, in-depthmining enterprises specificwork, actualsituation noncoal mines quality参考椭球体 扁率BJ54 基准参数 Krasovsky_1940 6378245 6356863.0188 298.3 WGS84 基准参数 WGS 84 6378137 6356752.3142 298.257224 很显然，WGS84 与BJ54 是两种不同的大地基准面，不同的参考椭球体，所以两种地图下，同一个点 的座标是不同的，无论是三度带六度带坐标还是经纬度坐标都是不同的。

当要把GPS 接收到的点（WGS84 坐标功能的）叠加到BJ54 坐标功能的底图上，那就能发现它们GPS 点不能准确的在它该在的地方，即“与 实际地点发生了偏移”。这就要求把它们GPS 点从WGS84 的座标功能转换成BJ54 的座标功能了。 有关WGS84 与BJ54 的座标转换问题，本质是WGS-84 椭球体到BJ54 椭球状的切换问题。如果我们 是需要把WGS84 的经纬度坐标转换成BJ54 的高斯投影坐标，那就还能涉及到投影变换问题。因此，这个 转换过程，一般的GPS 数据处理软件都是采用下述流程进行的： 1）（B，L）84——（X，Y，Z）84，空间天地坐标到空间夹角坐标的切换。 2）（X，Y，Z）84——（X，Y，Z）54，座标基准的切换，即Datum转换。通常有三种切换原理： 七参数、精简三参数、Molodensky。 3）（X，Y，Z）54——（B，L）54，空间夹角坐标到空间天地坐标的切换。 4）（B，L）54——（x，y）54， 高斯投影正算。 从以下要点不难看出，切换的关键是第二步，转换的取值。鉴于我国曾使用不同的座标基准（BJ54、 State80、Correct54），各省的引力值又有多大区别，不过很难确定一套适合全国且精度较差的切换参数。

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