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Oracle 11g RAC 到单案例 DG 环境搭建(2)

电脑杂谈　发布时间：2019-09-02 22:02:51　来源：网络整理

用 net manager 工具oracle11g rac环境，在备库建立一个。也可以自动的更改 listener.ora 文件。

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--对于 RAC 环境:

在 grid 用户的 listener.ora 文件中加入如下内容：  
[[email protected] admin]$ cat listener.ora
# listener.ora Network Configuration File: /u01/app/11.2.0/grid/network/admin/listener.ora
# Generated by Oracle configuration tools.
ENABLE_GLOBAL_DYNAMIC_ENDPOINT_LISTENER_SCAN1 = ON
SID_LIST_LISTENER =
  (SID_LIST =
    (SID_DESC =
      (GLOBAL_DBNAME = leo)
      (ORACLE_HOME = /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1)
      (SID_NAME = leo1)
    )
  )
LISTENER =
  (DESCRIPTION =
    (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY = LISTENER))
  )
ADR_BASE_LISTENER = /u01/app/grid
ENABLE_GLOBAL_DYNAMIC_ENDPOINT_LISTENER = ON
LISTENER_SCAN1 =
  (DESCRIPTION =
    (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY = LISTENER_SCAN1))
  )
ADR_BASE_LISTENER_SCAN1 = /u01/app/grid
 节点 2，对应修改即可。
 [[email protected] admin]$ cat listener.ora
# listener.ora Network Configuration File: /u01/app/11.2.0/grid/network/admin/listener.ora
# Generated by Oracle configuration tools.
ENABLE_GLOBAL_DYNAMIC_ENDPOINT_LISTENER_SCAN1 = ON
SID_LIST_LISTENER =
  (SID_LIST =
    (SID_DESC =
      (GLOBAL_DBNAME = leo)
      (ORACLE_HOME = /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1)
      (SID_NAME = leo2)
    )
  )
LISTENER =
  (DESCRIPTION =
    (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY = LISTENER))
  )
ADR_BASE_LISTENER = /u01/app/grid
ENABLE_GLOBAL_DYNAMIC_ENDPOINT_LISTENER = ON
LISTENER_SCAN1 =
  (DESCRIPTION =
    (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY = LISTENER_SCAN1))
  )
ADR_BASE_LISTENER_SCAN1 = /u01/app/grid
--这里写的 Oracle 用户的 ORACLE_HOME，否则连接时会报错:
ORA-01031: insufficient privileges 
 
然后重启。  
 
注意在 oracle 11gR2 的 RAC 环境下，是在 grid 用户下配置的。所以这里可以用 grid 用户连接，
并修 改。 最后重启。 
 
对于单实例，直接在 listener.ora 里添加： 
[[email protected] admin]$ cat listener.ora 
# listener.ora Network Configuration File: /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/network/admin/listener.ora
# Generated by Oracle configuration tools.
SID_LIST_LISTENER =
  (SID_LIST =
    (SID_DESC =
      (GLOBAL_DBNAME = orcl)
      (ORACLE_HOME = /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1)
      (SID_NAME = orcl)
    )
  )
LISTENER =
  (DESCRIPTION_LIST =
    (DESCRIPTION =
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = localhost)(PORT = 1521))
    )
    (DESCRIPTION =
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY = EXTPROC1521))
    )
  )
ADR_BASE_LISTENER = /u01/app/oracle

6 配置主备库的 Net Server： tnsnames.ora

节点1，节点2，单案例的 tnsnames.ora 文件是一致的oracle11g rac环境，添加下面内容：

leo=
 (DESCRIPTION =
   (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.1.61)(PORT = 1521))
   (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.1.63)(PORT = 1521))
   (CONNECT_DATA =
    (SERVER = DEDICATED)
    (SERVICE_NAME =leo)
    )
  )
orcl_st=
  (DESCRIPTION =
    (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.1.65)(PORT = 1521))  
    (CONNECT_DATA =
      (SERVER = DEDICATED)
      (SERVICE_NAME = orcl)
    )
  )
配置完成后，使用 tnsping 命令效验：
  
[[email protected] admin]$ tnsping orcl_st
TNS Ping Utility for Linux: Version 11.2.0.4.0 - Production on 29-MAY-2017 01:59:09
Copyright (c) 1997, 2013, Oracle.  All rights reserved.
Used parameter files:
Used TNSNAMES adapter to resolve the alias
Attempting to contact (DESCRIPTION = (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.1.65)(PORT = 1521)) (CONNECT_DATA = (SERVER = DEDICATED) (SERVICE_NAME = orcl)))
OK (0 msec)
[[email protected] dbs]$ tnsping leo
TNS Ping Utility for Linux: Version 11.2.0.4.0 - Production on 29-MAY-2017 01:59:38
Copyright (c) 1997, 2013, Oracle.  All rights reserved.
Used parameter files:
Used TNSNAMES adapter to resolve the alias
Attempting to contact (DESCRIPTION = (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.1.61)(PORT = 1521)) (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.1.63)(PORT = 1521)) (CONNECT_DATA = (SERVER = DEDICATED) (SERVICE_NAME =leo)))
OK (0 msec)

7 单案例创建相关目录

--FRA目录
[[email protected] ~]$ mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/orcl
--DATAFILE
[[email protected] ~]$ mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl
[[email protected] ~]$ mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/admin/orcl/adump
[[email protected] ~]$ mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/admin/orcl/data
[[email protected] ~]$ mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/admin/orcl/redo
[[email protected] ~]$ mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/admin/orcl/tempfile

8 创建备库口令文件

[[email protected] dbs]$ pwd
/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs
[[email protected] dbs]$ orapwd file=$ORACLE_HOME/dbs/orapwleo1 password=oracle
[[email protected] dbs]$ orapwd file=$ORACLE_HOME/dbs/orapwleo2 password=oracle
[[email protected] dbs]$ orapwd file=$ORACLE_HOME/dbs/orapworcl password=oracle
或者把节点的口令文件copy 到备库(在哪个节点执行操作就在把那个节点的口令文件copy过去)
[[email protected] dbs]$ scp orapwleo1 192.168.1.65:/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/orapworcl

9 创建更改主备库的参数文件

--主库参数
db_file_name_convert 和 log_file_name_convert 仅当被 standby 时才会生效，
这里配置，是 为切换做准备。 log_file_name_convert 指的是 online redo log。  
在 Oracle 11g 已经废除了 fal_client 参数。   
RAC 的 spfile 是放在共享设备上的，所以如果想创建，就需要先创建一份 pfile 到本地，在修改，
如果不想这么折腾，就直接使用 SQL 语句修改：
1）使用 ASM 作为存储时，datafile 和 tempfile 是分别放在两个目录下的，所以在Standby 
上也单独创建一个tempdata 目录。并在db_file_name_convert 中作相应的设置。
2）在使用ASM 的RAC中，注意不要改变db_unique_name 的参数值；因为ASM 存放文件的规则，是按照
+diskgroup_name/data_unique_name/file/tag_name.file_member.incarnation 这样一个规则存放的，
但是第二项database_unique_name 并不是db_name;如果改变了db_unique_name,则之后创建的数据文件
会放在新的目录下，会导致db_file_name_convert 的失效，这一点需要特别注意。
3）如果RAC中使用db_create_online_log_dest_n 系列参数，要相应调整stangby 上的log_file_name_convert 参数。
alter system set db_unique_name='leo'  scope=spfile sid='*'; 
alter system set log_archive_config='dg_config=(leo,orcl_st)'   scope=spfile sid='*';
alter system set log_archive_dest_1='location=+FRA valid_for=(all_logfiles,all_roles) db_unique_name=leo'  scope=spfile sid='*';
alter system set log_archive_dest_2='service=orcl_st valid_for=(online_logfiles,primary_role) db_unique_name=orcl_st'   scope=spfile sid='*';
alter system set log_archive_dest_state_1=enable   scope=spfile sid='*';
alter system set log_archive_dest_state_2=enable   scope=spfile sid='*';
alter system set standby_file_management='auto'   scope=spfile sid='*';
alter system set fal_server='orcl_st'   scope=spfile sid='*';
alter system set db_file_name_convert='/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/data','+DATA/leo/datafile','/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/tempfile','+DATA/leo/tempfile' scope=spfile sid='*';
alter system set log_file_name_convert='/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/redo','+DATA/leo/onlinelog' scope=spfile sid='*';
alter system set log_archive_format='%t_%s_%r.arch' scope=spfile sid='*';
--备库参数
--在主库创建pfile 文件并scp 到备库修改
主要指定一些pfile的路径，不要直接create pfile from spfile 
create pfile='/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/tmp.ora' from spfile;
[[email protected] dbs]$ scp tmp.ora 192.168.1.65:/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/initorcl.ora
[[email protected] dbs]$ pwd
/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs
[[email protected] dbs]$ cat initorcl.ora 
orcl.__db_cache_size=436207616
orcl.__java_pool_size=16777216
orcl.__large_pool_size=33554432
orcl.__oracle_base='/u01/app/oracle'#ORACLE_BASE set from environment
orcl.__pga_aggregate_target=520093696
orcl.__sga_target=754974720
orcl.__shared_io_pool_size=0
orcl.__shared_pool_size=251658240
orcl.__streams_pool_size=0
*.audit_file_dest='/u01/app/oracle/admin/orcl/adump'
*.audit_trail='db'
*.compatible='11.2.0.4.0'
*.control_files='/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/control01.ctl','/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/orcl/control02.ctl'
*.db_block_size=8192
*.db_domain=''
*.db_name='leo'
*.db_recovery_file_dest='/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area'
*.db_recovery_file_dest_size=4621074432
*.diagnostic_dest='/u01/app/oracle'
*.dispatchers='(PROTOCOL=TCP) (SERVICE=leoXDB)'
*.log_archive_dest_1='location=/u01/archive/'
*.memory_target=1048576000
*.open_cursors=300
*.processes=150
*.remote_login_passwordfile='exclusive'
*.undo_tablespace='UNDOTBS1'
--添加以下内容，对应修改上面的参数
*.service_names='orcl_st'
*.db_unique_name='orcl_st'
*.log_archive_config='dg_config=(leo,orcl_st)' 
*.log_archive_dest_1='location=/u01/archive valid_for=(all_logfiles,all_roles) db_unique_name=orcl_st' 
*.log_archive_dest_2='service=leo valid_for=(online_logfiles,primary_role) db_unique_name=leo'
*.log_archive_dest_state_1=enable 
*.log_archive_dest_state_2=enable
*.log_archive_format=%t_%s_%r.arc 
*.standby_file_management='auto'
*.fal_server='leo' 
*.log_file_name_convert='+DATA/leo/onlinelog','/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/redo'
*.db_file_name_convert='+DATA/leo/datafile','/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/data','+DATA/leo/tempfile','/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/tempfile'

10 使用 spfile 将备库启动 nomount 状态并开启

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